Which term refers to the characteristics that provide a buffer against negative outcomes?

The term that refers to the characteristics that provide a buffer against negative outcomes is protective factors. Protective factors are elements that enhance an individual's ability to cope with risks and challenges, thereby decreasing the likelihood of negative consequences such as mental health issues, substance abuse, or other adverse events. They can include supportive relationships, healthy coping strategies, and positive self-esteem, among others.

In prevention science, understanding and identifying protective factors is crucial as they help in fostering resilience and promoting positive behavior, particularly in at-risk populations. By strengthening these factors, practitioners can enhance individuals' capacities to withstand stress and adversity, leading to improved outcomes and overall well-being.